En français, la plupart des mots sont d’origine latine. Certains d’entre eux se forment par ajout d’un préfixe ou d’un suffixe. Il existe plusieurs types de préfixes et de suffixes. Cet article porte sur les préfixes et leur sens.
Présentation
Certains mots se forment par ajout d’un préfixe. Il s’agit d’une particule qu’on met devant un mot : porter → transporter. Il existe plusieurs types de préfixes. En voici quelques-uns parmi les plus courants.
I Localisation
Préfixes
Sens
Exemples
en-, em-
dans
enfermer, emprisonner
in, im
infiltrer, importer
ex-, exo-
à l’extérieur, hors
exporter, excentrique, exotique
inter-
entre
intervenir, s’interposer
intra-
au-dedans
intraveineuse
mi-
milieu
midi
super-
au-dessus
superposer
sub-, sou-
sous
subaquatique, souterrain
II Moment
Préfixes
Sens
Exemples
anté-, pré-
avant
antérieur, préavis
post-
après
postérieur, posteriori
re-
de nouveau
recommencer, relire, reprendre
III Mouvement
Préfixes
Sens
Exemples
ac-, af-, al-, ap-
vers
accourir, affluer, allier, apporter
en-, em-
de ce lieu
s’enfuir (= fuir d’un lieu),
emporter (= prendre avec soi en partant d’un lieu)
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